In the modern transportation system, solar road studs have become an important facility to improve road safety by virtue of their energy-saving and environmentally friendly, active light-emitting properties. Especially at night or in rain and fog and other adverse weather conditions, solar road studs can clearly outline the road, providing drivers with accurate road guidance, effectively reducing the probability of traffic accidents. However, the performance of solar road studs is affected by a variety of factors, an in-depth understanding of these factors is of great significance to ensure the effectiveness and reliability of transportation facilities.
The battery, as the energy storage device of the solar road stud, directly determines the life of the stud. Batteries commonly used in the market, one after 500 times of charging and discharging, the capacity fell to 50%; another in 1000 times of charging and discharging, the capacity can still be maintained at 79%. It can be seen that the choice of high-quality batteries is essential to extend the life cycle of the solar road stud.
Batteries have strict temperature requirements for normal operation. The chemicals inside the battery can be affected by extreme temperatures, causing it to fail to function properly. Although the Department of Transportation specifies a battery operating temperature range of - 10°C to 50°C, temperatures often fall outside of this range in real-world environments, making the battery's adaptability even more of a challenge.
The design of electronic circuit boards should follow the principle of simplicity and effectiveness. Complex circuit design not only increases the cost, but also increases the probability of failure. Each additional circuit link means one more potential point of failure. Therefore, simplifying the circuit design and removing unnecessary complexity is an important step to improve the stability of the dowel.
The quality of electronic components directly affects the overall performance of the solar road stud. Problems with any one electronic component may lead to the failure of the entire system. Therefore, in the process of component selection, we must strictly control the quality, select stable performance, high reliability components to ensure the stable operation of the stud system.
As solar road studs are subject to the rolling and impact of vehicles every day, welding quality is critical. If the welding point is loose, the line will be easy to fall off, resulting in the stud can not work properly. In the welding process, you need to choose high-quality welding equipment and solder, using high standards of welding technology, to ensure that the weld joints are firm and reliable, so that the road stud can be a long-term stable operation in the complex road environment.
The solar panel is the primary link in the energy conversion of solar road studs, which directly absorbs solar energy and converts it into electricity to provide power for the operation of the road studs. The efficiency of its work directly determines the overall efficiency of the solar road stud.
At present, monocrystalline silicon solar panels are widely used in solar road studs because of their high photoelectric conversion rate. Monocrystalline silicon solar panels, the photoelectric conversion rate of about 14%, can maximize the conversion of solar energy into electricity, to provide a stable energy supply for the stud, to ensure its normal operation in a variety of environments.
Solar panels are installed on the road surface and are subjected to the grinding and abrasion of wheels every day. If its hardness and abrasion resistance is insufficient, it is very easy to wear and tear, which in turn affects the absorption and conversion efficiency of light energy. Therefore, solar panels must have high hardness and abrasion resistance to ensure long-term stable energy conversion performance.
There is a clear measurement standard for battery matching performance. In the standard test conditions placed 8 hours, the rated capacity of the battery should be able to meet the stud normal light 72 hours of demand; when the illumination is less than 1000LX, the battery should be able to ensure that the stud light 12 hours after 8 hours of charging.
If the battery matching performance is poor, in rainy days and other light conditions, the battery storage capacity is insufficient, which will lead to the solar road stud can not be normal light, so that it loses its practical use value. Especially capacitive solar road studs, its limitations are more obvious, in the standard test conditions after placing 8 hours, the rated capacity of the capacitor can usually only meet the road studs normal light 12 - 14 hours, which puts forward strict requirements for its actual use of the environment.
Solar road studs installed on the road, need to withstand long-term vehicle crushing and impact. If it can not withstand a certain pressure, the stud is very easy to be crushed or damaged, and then lose its proper function, can not provide effective guidance and warning for traffic participants. Therefore, pressure resistance is the basic condition for the normal operation of solar road studs.
As an electronic product, solar road studs contain electronic components inside, which makes it quite difficult to improve their crush resistance. Generally speaking, the pressure resistance of solar road stud is slightly inferior to ordinary road stud. According to the technical specifications of the Ministry of Transportation, the solar road stud should have the ability to withstand 10 tons of pressure.
In order to enhance the pressure resistance of solar road studs, we can start from several aspects. First, the exposed solar panels using PC bulletproof material, this material can significantly improve the compressive strength of the electronic components; Second, as far as possible, the use of IC control technology, reduce the size of electronic circuits, thereby reducing the pressure on the electronic components; Third, in the stud shell design reinforcing structure, so as to share the pressure of the electronic components, to protect the stability of its heavy pressure.
If the solar road stud sealing performance is not good, moisture is very easy to penetrate into the internal, resulting in short circuit. For the internal integration of precision electronic components of the solar road stud, the circuit short circuit will cause disastrous consequences, so that it can not work properly, seriously affecting road traffic safety.
In order to improve the sealing performance of solar road studs, the following two effective methods can be used. The first is to use a separate design to isolate the LED lampshade from the internal circuit board. In this way, even if the LED lampshade is broken, it can effectively prevent moisture from penetrating into the internal circuit to ensure the normal operation of the stud. The second is the selection of strong neutral bonding material, the solar panel, LED lampshade and nail shell for close bonding, to ensure that there is no gap between the various components, to eliminate water seepage from the source of hidden trouble.
Unlike traditional reflective road studs, solar road studs can actively emit light to clearly outline the road in darkness or bad weather conditions, providing drivers with clear road guidance. High luminous intensity is one of the core advantages of solar road studs, which is directly related to its visibility and practicality in the traffic environment.
The luminous intensity of solar road studs is measured in millicandela (mcd). In general road use scenarios, road studs need to have 3000 - 5000mcd luminous intensity, in order to meet the normal visible needs; in the highway and other fast road, in order to ensure that drivers have enough time to react, the luminous intensity of the road studs need to reach at least 5000mcd; in the rain and fog and other poor visibility in bad weather areas, the luminous intensity of the road studs need to be raised to 7000mcd, in order to ensure the visibility of the road studs in the traffic environment and practical use. 7000mcd, to ensure its visibility in complex environments.
The brightness demand of solar road studs is affected by a variety of factors. Traffic speed is one of the key factors, the higher the speed of the vehicle, the higher the visibility distance and response time requirements of the stud, which correspondingly requires a higher luminous intensity. Environmental conditions are equally important, in fog, rain, dust and other inclement weather, light propagation is impeded, only brighter road stud can maintain good visibility. In addition, road design will also affect the brightness requirements, such as curves, intersections, gradient changes and other special road sections, in order to enhance the driver's field of vision and judgment, but also need to be higher brightness of the road stud.
The use of solar road studs environment is complex and variable, the temperature and humidity in different regions vary greatly. China's northern winter cold, hot summer in the south, northwestern temperature difference between day and night and dry climate, the southeast is humid and rainy. These complex environmental factors will have an impact on the normal work of the solar road stud.
The Ministry of Transportation has set strict standards for the environmental adaptability of solar road studs. In terms of temperature, the studs are required to operate from -20°C to 85°C, and three cycles of testing between 20°C and 60°C are required to verify their adaptability. In terms of heat and humidity, the studs are tested at 45°C and 98% relative humidity for 48 hours and are still able to maintain their normal working condition.
Improving the environmental adaptability of solar road studs is a comprehensive project that involves many aspects such as structural design, circuit design, electronic device performance and production process. Only from a holistic point of view, comprehensive optimization of all aspects, to ensure that the solar road stud in the complex and changing environment with good adaptability and reliability.
The performance of solar road studs is affected by a combination of factors such as compression resistance, sealing, luminous brightness, stability and reliability, solar panel performance, battery matching performance and environmental adaptability. Each factor plays an indispensable role in the normal operation and functioning of the stud. Focusing on and optimizing these influencing factors is of great significance for improving the quality, extending the service life and ensuring the safety of road traffic of solar road studs. With the continuous progress and innovation of technology, the future performance of solar road stud is expected to be further improved, providing more reliable support for the development of modern transportation.
